john c breckinridge political party

In November, Democrats carried all the slaveholding states except Maryland (which went Know-Nothing) and enough northern states to win the election. John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 – May 17, 1875) was a lawyer, U.S. Representative, U.S. Breckinridge and Bragg experienced a falling-out in the wake of the battle and remained on poor terms for the rest of their tenure together. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (1821–75). The new vice president bought property in the District of Columbia and planned to construct, along with his good friends Senator Douglas and Senator Henry Rice of Minnesota, three large, expensive, connected houses at New Jersey Avenue and I Street that would become known as "Minnesota Row." To which Douglas replied, "Mr. President, I wish you to remember that General Jackson is dead." Narrow, secretive, petty, vindictive, and blind to corruption within his administration, he proved unable to bind together either the factions of his party or the regions of his nation. In 1986, he began his long tenure as the U.S. ...read more, George C. Marshall (1880-1959) was one of the most decorated military leaders in American history. From there he sailed for England. As the Democratic convention approached in 1856, the three leading contenders—President Pierce, Senator Douglas, and former Minister to Great Britain James Buchanan—all courted Breckinridge. A graduate of West Point, Hood joined the Confederacy in 1861 and gained a reputation as a talented field commander during the Peninsula Campaign and the Second Battle ...read more, Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, 43-year-old John F. Kennedy became one of the youngest U.S. presidents, as well as the first Roman Catholic. Stephen Douglas was the frontrunner, but when his supporters defeated efforts to write into the platform a plank protecting the right of slavery anywhere in the territories, the southern delegates walked out. As they rode from their defeat on the battlefield, Jubal T. Early turned to ask, "General Breckinridge, what do you think of the `rights of the South in the territories' now?" Once it became clear that neither party considered himself the challenger, they gained a face-saving means of withdrawing from the "code of honor" without fighting the duel. Reunited with his family in Toronto, he then embarked on an extended tour of Europe. degree and an almost perfect academic record. In his brief life John C. Breckinridge embraced the roles of lawyer, politician, statesman, soldier, exile, and businessman. When the Democratic Party split over the issue in the summer of 1860, Breckinridge emerged as the presidential nominee of the pro-slavery Southern Democrats. In fact, the vice president had no private meetings with the president for over three years. The vice president then led a procession to the new chamber. Information provided by the Senate Historical Office. When Cutting refused, Breckinridge interpreted this as a challenge to a duel. Despite his weakened condition at the end, Breckinridge surprised his doctor with his clear and strong voice. South Carolina Representative Lawrence Keitt repeatedly denigrated Kentucky's compromising tendencies. Serving in the U.S. Senate at the outbreak of the Civil War, he was expelled after joining the Confederate Army. Breckinridge faced a campaign against three old friends: Stephen Douglas, the Democratic candidate; Abraham Lincoln, the Republican; and John Bell of Tennessee, the Constitutional Union party candidate. Democratic Platform, 1860 (Breckinridge faction) Digital History ID 3951. When President Lincoln called Congress into special session on July 4, 1861, to raise the arms and men necessary to fight the Civil War, Breckinridge returned to Washington as the leader of what was left of the Senate Democrats. Are they not intended for disorganization in our very midst?" He would later play an important role at the Battles of New Market and Cold Harbor before serving as the final Confederate secretary of war in 1865. Privately, he told Mrs. Jefferson Davis, "I trust that I have the courage to lead a forlorn hope." In Canada he met other Confederate exiles, including the freed Jefferson Davis. Following the election, Breckinridge returned to Washington to preside over the Senate, hoping to persuade southerners to abandon secession. An Illustrious Political Family. The story of John C. Breckinridge is amongst the most tragic stories in American history. www.senate.gov, Senator Baker was killed while leading his militia at the Battle of Ball's Bluff. "They were a high-strung pair," commented Breckinridge's friend Forney. They held their own convention in Baltimore and nominated Breckinridge as their presidential candidate. Breckinridge practiced law in Iowa and Kentucky after leaving school, and in 1843 he married Mary Cyrene Burch. In Congress, Breckinridge became an ally of Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Although he wanted the Union restored, he preferred a peaceful separation rather than "endless, aimless, devastating war, at the end of which I see the grave of public liberty and of personal freedom." Instead, the race ended Lane's political career entirely, and Oregon became a Republican state. In February, Vice President Breckinridge led a procession of senators to the House chamber to count the electoral votes, and to announce the election of Abraham Lincoln of Illinois. The newlyweds settled in Georgetown, and Breckinridge opened a law office in Lexington. John C. Breckinridge and a Party Divided. Breckinridge fled behind Confederate lines. John C. Breckinridge: Political Career . John C. Breckinridge was an American statesman and who served as the 14th and youngest-ever Vice President of the United States; he served from 1857 to 1861, in the administration of James Buchanan. Most of the Breckinridge’s adhered to the new party, but at about this time young John C. Breckinridge began to find Democratic ideas more persuasive. In 1851, Breckinridge shocked the Whig party by winning the congressional race in Clay's home district, a victory that also brought him to the attention of national Democratic leaders. Breckinridge later joined General Jubal Early for his famous raid on Washington and was engaged at the Battles of Monocacy and Second Kernstown in July. When Breckinridge finished, Baker challenged him: "These speeches of his, sown broadcast over the land, what meaning have they? Sen. Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, the champion of popular sovereignty policy, was the Northern Democrats’ candidate, and Vice Pres. Senator from Kentucky and was the 14th Vice President of the United States (1857–1861), to date the youngest vice president in U.S. history, elected at age 35 and inaugurated at age 36.. He was from Kentucky.He served in the House from 1851 to 1855. In November 1864 he undertook an expedition into Tennessee and won a victory at the Battle of Bull’s Gap. During the battle his unit spearheaded attacks on the Union left flank and sustained roughly 30 percent casualties. John Cabell Breckenridge was born near Lexington, Kentucky. Two other political parties competed in this election as well. He died in 1875 at the age of 54. During those years, he observed, the Constitution had "survived peace and war, prosperity and adversity" to protect "the larger personal freedom compatible with public order." He returned east to the battle of Cold Harbor, and in July 1864 he and General Jubal T. Early led a dramatic raid on Washington, D.C. Breckinridge's troops advanced as far as Silver Spring, Maryland, where they sacked Francis Blair's home but did not destroy it, supposedly at the urging of Breckinridge, who had often been a guest there. Democratic Party Platform (Breckinridge Faction) of 1860. During this time Breckinridge argued for an organized end to the hostilities and counseled Confederate President Jefferson Davis against extending the war through guerilla actions. Only 36 years old at the time of his inauguration in 1857, John C. Breckinridge remains the youngest vice president in American history. Buchanan won the nomination and election primarily because nobody knew where he stood on the issues, since he had been out of the country for the past three years as minister to England. He was a member of the Democratic party. Gaining the floor, Breckinridge declined to run against his delegation's nominee, but his speech deeply impressed the convention. When Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which repealed the Missouri Compromise and left the issue of slavery in the territories to the settlers themselves—a policy known as "popular sovereignty"—Breckinridge worked hard to enact the legislation. His daughter Mary later remarked that, while exile was a quiet relief for her mother, it was hard on her father, "separated from the activities of life, and unable to do anything towards making a support for his family." She often regaled the children with stories of their grandfather, the first John Breckinridge, who, in addition to introducing the Kentucky Resolutions that denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts, had helped secure the Louisiana Purchase and had served during the administration of Thomas Jefferson first as a Senate leader and then as attorney general. Later that year, Linn Boyd died while campaigning for the Senate, and Kentucky Democrats nominated Breckinridge for the seat, which would become vacant at the time Breckinridge's term as vice president ended. PDF Help   |   He had not been back in Kentucky since he fled eight years before. He received no answer. June 23, 1860 ... One of the greatest necessities of the age, in a political, commercial, postal and military point of view, is a speedy communication between the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. When Boyd ran poorly on the first ballot, the convention switched to Breckinridge and nominated him on the second ballot. The election was a three-way race among the Democrats under Buchanan, the Republicans under John Charles Frémont, and the Know-Nothings under former President Millard Fillmore. In 1841 he and his law partner Thomas W. Bullock settled in the Mississippi River town of Burlingame, in the Iowa Territory. John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 – May 17, 1875) was a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky. In 1851 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat and served until 1855. When another large peace rally was scheduled for September 21, the legislature sent a regiment to break up the meeting and arrest Breckinridge. Taken prisoner after his plane was shot down, he suffered five and a half years of torture and confinement before his release in 1973. Contact   |   Across the river they could see the red stripes of the American flag, which Breckinridge viewed nostalgically but the more embittered Davis described as "the gridiron we have been fried on. Buchanan secured the Democratic Party nomination and was elected president in 1856. Despite these endorsements and the financial levies that the Buchanan administration made on all Democratic officeholders for him, Breckinridge failed to carry any northern states. “The Political Quadrille, Music by Dred Scott” satirized the four candidates for president in 1860, along with their supporters. Some local Democrats encouraged him to run seek the Eighth District's congressional seat in 1845, but he declined, supporting instead Alexander Keith Marshall, the party's unsuccessful nominee. He represented Kentucky in both houses of Congress and became the 14th and youngest-ever Vice President of the United States, serving from 1857 to 1861. He was not optimistic about his chances. Created / Published When the Mexican War began, Breckinridge volunteered to serve as an officer in a Kentucky infantry regiment. The Democratic Party split in two. Public outrage throughout the North caused the Whig party to collapse and new antislavery parties, the Republican and the American (Know-Nothing) parties, to rise in its wake. But Douglas objected that the Lecompton Constitution made a mockery out of popular sovereignty and warned that he would fight it as a fraud. In January 1865 Breckinridge was appointed the fifth and final Confederate secretary of war. Within months of this exchange, Senator Baker was killed while leading his militia at the Battle of Ball's Bluff along the Potomac River, and Senator Breckinridge was wearing the gray uniform of a Confederate officer. Upper left: Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge arm in arm with retiring president James Buchanan, who was nicknamed “the Buck.” Before the construction was completed, however, the friendship had become deeply strained when Douglas fell out with President Buchanan over slavery in Kansas. On March 4, Breckinridge administered the oath of office to his successor, Hannibal Hamlin, who in turn swore him into the Senate. "Why, Doctor," the famous stump speaker smiled from his deathbed, "I can throw my voice a mile.". Breckinridge and Bell agreed, but Douglas refused, arguing that northern Democrats would take Lincoln before they voted for any candidate that the southern firebrands had endorsed. A famous incident, recounted in many memoirs of the era, took place at a dinner party that the vice president attended. Left without resources, his wife took her children back to Cabell's Dale to live with their grandmother, known affectionately as "Grandma Black Cap." After six months in Mexico City, he returned to Kentucky and to an almost inevitable political career. People noted that his uncle, Robert Breckinridge, was a prominent antislavery man, and that as a state legislator Breckinridge had aided the Kentucky Colonization Society (a branch of the American Colonization Society), dedicated to gradual emancipation and the resettlement of free blacks outside the United States. John C. Breckinridge was James Buchanan's Vice President from 1857 to 1861. He served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. He also rejected President Pierce's nomination to serve as minister to Spain and negotiate American annexation of Cuba, despite the Senate's confirmation of his appointment. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Indicted by the Federal government for high treason, Breckinridge led a small party of Confederates int… He served as Vice-President from 1857 to 1861, under President James Buchanan. Commissioned a brigadier general, and later a major general, Breckinridge went west to fight at Shiloh, Stone's River, Chickamauga, and Chattanooga. Denouncing the antislavery policies of the Republicans and Know-Nothings, Breckinridge described himself not as proslavery but as a defender of the people's constitutional right to make their own territorial laws, a position that caused some Deep South extremists to accuse him of harboring abolitionist views. There he might have entered politics and pursued a career relatively free from the divisive issue of slavery, but Iowa's fierce winter gave him influenza and made him homesick for Kentucky. Only 35 at the time of his election, Breckinridge was the youngest vice president in American history. John C. Breckinridge, in full John Cabell Breckinridge, (born January 21, 1821, near Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.—died May 17, 1875, Lexington), 14th vice president of the United States (1857–61), unsuccessful presidential candidate of Southern Democrats (November 1860), and Confederate officer during the American Civil War (1861–65).. His meteoric rise continued in 1856, when he was elected the 14th vice president of the United States alongside President James Buchanan. Baker had raised and was training a militia unit known as the California Regiment. The New Yorker objected that he had never handled a western rifle and that as the challenged party he should pick the weapons. A poor winner, Buchanan distrusted his rivals for the nomination and refused to invite Stephen Douglas to join his cabinet or to take seriously Douglas' patronage requests. Breckinridge was the youngest vice president in U.S. history. John Bell By Patrick Eakin In 1860 the Constitutional Union Party nominated John Bell for President of the United States. The only vice president ever to take up arms against the government of the United States, John Cabell Breckinridge completed four years as vice president under James Buchanan, ran for president as the Southern Democratic candidate in 1860, and then returned to the Senate to lead the remnants of the Democratic party for the first congressional session during the Civil War. John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 – May 17, 1875) was an American lawyer, politician, and soldier. As vice president in such a turbulent era, Breckinridge won respect for presiding gracefully and impartially over the Senate. Breckenridge was elected to the House of Representatives in 1851 and served as vice-president of the United States (1857-61). Citing his wife's poor health and his own precarious finances, Breckinridge returned to Kentucky. After participating in the defense of Vicksburg in June 1863, Breckinridge served at the Confederate victory at the Battle of Chickamauga in September. Between these two poles, the vice president vainly sought to steer a neutral course. During this time Breckinridge established himself as a leading Southern politician, known for his eloquent speeches on the House floor. As he spoke, Oregon Republican Senator Edward D. Baker entered the chamber, dressed in the blue coat of a Union army colonel. At a time when the Buchanan administration was falling "in prestige and political consequence, the star of the Vice President rises higher above the clouds." They suspected that he held private concerns about the morality of slavery and that he supported gradual emancipation. The Illinois senator pointed out that, while not all of Breckinridge's followers were secessionists, every secessionist was supporting him. Did you know? Bragg would later blame Breckinridge for the loss at Chattanooga and even accused him of being drunk during the battle. He also spoke out in the House in favor of leaving the settlers "free to form their own institutions, and enter the Union with or without slavery, as their constitutions should prescribe.". During the special session, which lasted until August 6, 1861, Breckinridge remained firm in his belief that the Constitution strictly limited the powers of the federal government, regardless of secession and war. In Mexico, Major Breckinridge won the support of his troops for his acts of kindness, being known to give up his horse to sick and footsore soldiers. The only vice president ever to take up arms against the government of the United States, John Cabell Breckinridge completed four years as vice president under James Buchanan, ran for president as the Southern Democratic candidate in 1860, and then returned to the Senate to lead the remnants of the Democratic party for the first congressional session during the Civil War. Early in the new administration, when the vice president asked for a private interview with the president, he was told instead to call at the White House some evening and ask to see Buchanan's niece and hostess, Harriet Lane. Nicknamed “His Accidency,” Tyler was the first ...read more, John Bell Hood was a U.S. military officer who served as a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-65). Most disappointingly, he lost Kentucky to Bell. Breckinridge was proud that Kentucky voted for a Democratic presidential ticket for the first time since 1828. They saw in his winning manners, attractive appearance, and rare talent for public affairs, exactly the elements they needed in their concealed designs against the country." Breckinridge campaigned for Democratic presidential nominee James K. Polk during the 1844 campaign. The delegate noted that "every member seemed riveted to his seat and each face seemed by magnetic influence to be directed to him."

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